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 Tomatidine decreased the expression of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 by inhibiting I-κBα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation and JNK activation, thereby suppressing c-jun phosphorylation and Oct-2 expression. Tomatidine, solasodine and diosgenin (40 μM) inhibited nitrite production by 66%, 22% and 41%, respectively. iNOS protein was barely detectable in unstimulated cells but significantly increased after LPS treatment, and tomatidine caused a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS expression. The effect of tomatidine on p65 DNA-binding activity was determined for p65, the major component of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The binding activity of NF-κB was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 10-40 μM of Tomatidine. Tomatidine inhibited the phosphorylation of I-κB, blocked the production of I-κB, and further inhibited p65 NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and regulated the binding activity.

 Solanine generally refers to lobotropin, which may be harmful to human body such as oral discomfort, gastrointestinal discomfort and head discomfort. Specific analysis is as follows: 1. oral discomfort: lobotropin is a toxic substance produced by potatoes after sprouting, turning green and festering, if only a small amount is consumed, it may cause oral discomfort, such as tongue numbness, itching, pain, etc. 2. Gastrointestinal discomfort: after eating potatoes containing lobotropin, may also stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, causing gastrointestinal discomfort, specifically abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, etc. 3. Head discomfort: If consumed in large quantities, it may also involve the head, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, photophobia and other symptoms of head discomfort, and may even appear coma, shock and other more serious symptoms. In addition, if the above-mentioned situation occurs, it is recommended to immediately induce vomiting and, if neces...